Understanding Eczema: Causes, Treatments, and Everyday Tips to Calm Flare-Ups

If you’ve ever dealt with dry, itchy, inflamed patches of skin that flare up at the worst possible times, you’re far from alone. Around the world, millions of people live with eczema — and October, being Eczema Awareness Month, is the perfect time to talk about what it is, why it happens, and what you can actually do about it.

Let’s break it down in plain English and help you understand how to care for your skin — and your sanity — when eczema decides to act up.

What Exactly Is Eczema?

Eczema — or atopic dermatitis, the most common form — is a chronic skin condition where the barrier that’s supposed to protect your skin has a few holes in the fence. That means it struggles to hold onto moisture and keep irritants out.

The result? Dry, itchy, irritated patches that come and go in unpredictable flare-ups. It’s not contagious, but it’s definitely annoying — and sometimes painful.

The Different Types of Eczema

There’s more than one kind of eczema, and knowing which one you have can make a big difference in how you manage it.

1. Atopic Dermatitis

The most common type — often linked to allergies, asthma, or hay fever. It usually appears on the face, elbows, or behind the knees.

2. Contact Dermatitis

Triggered by touching irritants or allergens like fragrances, detergents, nickel jewelry, or harsh skincare ingredients.

3. Dyshidrotic Eczema

Tiny, itchy blisters on the hands or feet. Stress, metal exposure, or heat often trigger this one.

4. Nummular Eczema

Circular, coin-shaped patches that can show up after an injury or very dry skin.

5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

Common on the scalp, nose, or behind the ears — looks like red, flaky, dandruff-like patches.

6. Stasis Dermatitis

Usually affects the lower legs due to poor circulation, common in older adults.

What Causes Eczema?

Eczema doesn’t have one single cause, but rather a mix of genetics, environment, and immune system responses.

Here are some common culprits:

Genetics: If eczema, asthma, or allergies run in your family, your skin may be naturally more sensitive.

Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold can set off flare-ups.

Climate: Dry air and cold weather strip the skin’s moisture; humidity and sweating can irritate it.

Irritants: Fragrance, harsh detergents, certain soaps, and even wool can trigger irritation.

Stress: Emotional stress can make existing eczema worse (your skin and nervous system are besties).

Immune system: An overactive immune response can cause your skin to overreact to small triggers.

Treating Eczema: What Actually Works

There’s no one-size-fits-all cure for eczema, but there are plenty of effective ways to manage it — from prescription treatments to simple lifestyle adjustments.

Medical and Topical Treatments

Corticosteroid creams: Calm inflammation during flare-ups.

Calcineurin inhibitors: (e.g., tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) Non-steroid options for sensitive areas like the face.

Antihistamines: Help control itching, especially overnight.

Moisturizers and emollients: The backbone of eczema care — thick, fragrance-free creams lock in hydration.

Antibiotics: Used only if scratching leads to skin infections.

Light therapy (phototherapy): For chronic, severe cases that don’t respond to topical care.

Supplements That May Help

Supporting your skin from the inside can make a noticeable difference:

Omega-3 fatty acids: Help reduce inflammation and improve barrier function.

Probiotics: Promote gut health, which can help regulate inflammation in the body.

Vitamin D: Deficiency is linked to increased eczema flare-ups.

Zinc: Supports healing and immune response.

(Always check with your healthcare provider before adding supplements.)

Everyday Tips to Prevent and Calm Flare-Ups

1. Lower the shower temperature.

Hot showers feel great, but they strip away natural oils and make dryness worse. Stick with warm water.

2. Moisturize immediately after bathing.

Pat your skin dry and apply moisturizer while your skin is still damp to trap hydration in.

3. Keep products simple.

Choose fragrance-free cleansers, detergents, and lotions. “Fragrance-free” is better than “unscented.”

4. Watch your fabrics.

Cotton and bamboo are gentle options. Avoid wool and scratchy synthetics.

5. Use a humidifier.

If you live in the Fraser Valley or Abbotsford, the cold months mean dry indoor air — a humidifier helps prevent moisture loss.

6. Manage stress.

Eczema loves stress. Meditation, walks, reading, or any calm hobby can make a genuine difference.

7. Don’t scratch (as much as possible).

It’s tempting, but scratching damages your skin and can cause infections. Try applying a cool compress instead.

When to See a Professional

If your eczema doesn’t improve with over-the-counter care, becomes painful, or starts to ooze or crust, it’s time to see a dermatologist. Persistent eczema may require prescription medication or other treatments to get it under control.

The Takeaway

Eczema can be unpredictable, but it’s manageable with consistency and care. Learning what triggers your skin, keeping your barrier hydrated, and making small adjustments to your daily routine can lead to a big difference in comfort and confidence.

Your skin doesn’t define you — it’s just asking for a little extra attention this month.